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Tulisan ini akan membahas isi Bab 8 dari Buku "The Global CYberCrime Industries " karya Nir Kshetri yang mengupas masalah penyebab dan indikasi terjadinya tindak kejahatan di dunia maya atau yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah Cyber Crime dalam hubungannya dengan struktur perekonomian. 

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Perkembangan CyberCrime Pada
Struktur Ekonomi Berkembang<o:p></o:p>

8.1 Pendahuluan<o:p></o:p>

Terjadinya
potensi serangan atau penetration test sangat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat ekonomi
sebuah Negara. Dalam bukunya Nir Kshetri yang berjudul “The Global CyberCrime
Industry” menyatakan bahwa prosentase terjadinya kegiatan illegal Pentest
(kegiatan pencarian celah keamanan sebuah server) mencapai 10-15% (Reilly,
2007). Berikut ini
daftar rincian prosentase serangan hacker pada beberapa Negara sebagai sebuah
studi kasus penelitian :<o:p></o:p>

Tabel 8.1 Situasi Cybercrime<o:p></o:p>

<table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
 style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <thead>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Negara<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Pengguna Internet (% Dari
 Penduduk 2005)<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Asal Kejahatan
 Dunia Maya Internasional<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Korban Cybercrime <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 </thead>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Brasil<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 19,5<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>·        
 2003: 10 yang paling aktif di
 dunia cyber kriminal kelompok berbasis di
 Brazil (Smith, 2003) <o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'>·        
 2004: Dua-pertiga dari
 pedofil dunia 
 halaman yang di-host di Brasil (Leyden, 2004)<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'>·        
 penipuan
 keuangan online melebihi kerugian kasus perampokan bank(Leyden,
 2004) <o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'>·        
 2006: Lebih dari setengah perusahaan dengan
 akses internet yang 
 korban virus-serangan
 (ITU, 2007) 
  
 <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 China<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 8.5<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Menurut laporan Symantec, 5% dari 
 komputer yang terinfeksi malware
 di dunia berada di Beijing pada tahun
 2006 
 Melampaui Amerika Serikat dalam
 jumlah 
 malware host<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'>·        
 2007: Serangan pada PC naik
 2.125% (WEBWIRE, 2008)<o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2'>·        
 2004: 58% dari besar
 pemerintah, pendidikan, dan 
 entitas komersial mengalami kejahatan dunia maya (AS, 
 Layanan komersial, 2004) 
 
  
 <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 India <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 5.5<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Penipuan data telah dilaporkan di call center 
 di Pune, Hyderabad,
 Bangalore, dan 
 Gurgaon (tribuneindia.com 2005; Schwartz 
 2005, Fest 2005)<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 The Cyber Crime Investigation
 Sel (CCIC) mencatat
 159 
 kasus pada tahun 2006, 344 pada tahun 2007, 775
 pada tahun 2008, 718 di pertama 8 
 bulan tahun 2009 (Sawant, 2009)<o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 2006: 565 orang ditangkap
 atas tuduhan-cybercrime terkait
 (Expressindia,
 2008)<o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 kasus Cybercrime meningkat 200% di Delhi pada tahun
 2007 dan 
 penipuan kartu kredit di kota naik sebesar 500% (hindu.com,2008)<o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 Agustus
 2007: Bank jaringan
 India diserang dengan
 Virus MPack-dibuat,
 yang diteruskan data keuangan untuk 
 Jaringan Bisnis Rusia (RBN) (Krebs, 2007)<o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 Mid-2007-pertengahan 2008: 10 situs kementerian
 diserang 
 (Raghav, 2008)<o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 Selama September 2007-September 2009, bank India
 
 berpengalaman lebih dari 1.000 serangan phishing yang
 unik 
 (Indiatimes, 2009)<o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 kasus Cybercrime di Mumbai:
 142 pada tahun 2005, menjadi 159 pada tahun 2006, 
 344 tahun 2007, dan 775 pada tahun
 2008 (Hindustan Times, 2009)<o:p></o:p>
 <o:p> </o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Panama<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 6.4<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Lebih dari 100 portal dengan pornografi
 anak 
 konten host di 2007
 (Frayssine, 2007) 
  
 <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <o:p> </o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Polandia <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 26.2<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 ISP menghasilkan 5% dari
 spam di dunia dalam 2007 (Greenberg, 2007)
 
  
 <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <o:p> </o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Rumania industri <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
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 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 20.8<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Cybercrime lebih besar dari obat 
 penyelundupan atau perdagangan manusia industri(Wylie,2007) 
  
 <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <o:p> </o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Rusia 
 federasi<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 15.2<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Rusia memiliki ceruk menguntungkan di Internet penipuan kencan (Wylie, 2007)<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
 0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:
 justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 2005: Sekitar 12.000 kejahatan komputer yang terdaftar (BBC 
 Pemantauan Laporan International, 2006) <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Afrika Selatan 
  
 <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 10.9<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <o:p> </o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 Cybercrime adalah kejahatan kerah putih yang paling cepat berkembang <o:p></o:p>
 <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
 margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;
 text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'>•       
 2007: ricewaterhouseCoopers 'dua tahunan Ekonomi Global 
 Survei Kejahatan: 72% perusahaan menjadi
 korban cybercrime 
 dalam 2 tahun sebelumnya (Afrika News, 2007)
 
 itu <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:9;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
 <td width=70 valign=top style='width:52.8pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
 mso-border-themecolor:text1;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Pilipina<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=125 valign=top style='width:93.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 5.4<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=362 valign=top style='width:271.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 Seorang hacker Philippino meluncurkan virus "Cinta
 Huruf "
 pada tahun 2000. Perkiraan kerusakan di AS: $ 4-15000000000
 (Adams, 2001) <o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td width=684 valign=top style='width:513.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
 none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-themecolor:text1;
 border-right:solid black 1.0pt;mso-border-right-themecolor:text1;mso-border-top-alt:
 solid black .5pt;mso-border-top-themecolor:text1;mso-border-left-alt:solid black .5pt;
 mso-border-left-themecolor:text1;mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;mso-border-themecolor:
 text1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
 <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
 0in;margin-left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:
 justify;text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3'>·        
 2007: Lebih dari 330 serangan
 cyber per hari,
 tertinggi keenam cybercrime negara tujuan di dunia (Conti, 2007)<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 </tr>
</table>

<o:p> </o:p>

Ada
perbedaan yang mencolok antara kejadian cybercrime di Negara maju dan Negara-negara
berkembang. Banyak factor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kejahatan cyber yang
mungkin muncul, seperti sifat dan kualitas perangkat keras, perangkat lunak, dan
infrastruktur, 
jenis
korban, keterampilan cybercrime dan biaya serta manfaat dari kegiatan illegal tersebut bagi
si penjahat. <o:p></o:p>

<o:p> </o:p>

8.2 CyberCrime di Negara Berkembang<o:p></o:p>

Kecenderungan
peningkatan jumlah kejahatan di dunia maya di beberapa Negara berkembang melebihi
prosentase kejahatan di bidang cyber pada Negara maju. Hal tersebut disebabkan,
dengan adanya perubahan pola dan infrastruktur dunia internet yang memungkinkan
orang dapat melakukan koneksi yang relative cepat dan stabil. Selain itu, pola
serangan cyber lebih bervariasi mulai dari metode manual hingga menggunakan
konsep robot dengan motif melakukan penetrasi sampai mencari keuntungan dari
celah keamanan yang muncul. <o:p></o:p>

Sebagai contoh, dalam berita
resmi dilaporkan bahwa hacker dari Malaysia, Jepang, Korea,
Amerika Serikat, dan China telah menyerang
beramai-ramai komputer server di Filipina (Conti,
2007). Kemudian
dalam kasus lain, ditemukan sebuah komunitas hacker di Kanada yang telah memiliki sekitar 100.000
komputer "zombie" atau bot program yang berkembang di negara-negara berkembang seperti Polandia, Brazil, dan Meksiko dan
telah
berhasil mencuri US $ 44
juta (Harwood, 2008).
<o:p></o:p>

Para
ahli memberikan pandangan bahwa para hacker jahat sudah mulai mengubah pola
kejahatannya, dengan memanfaatkan sambungan internet yang cepat dan aman di Negara
berkembang dengan tingkat keamanan dan proteksi hokum yang kurang baik. Karena beberapa
kasus di India, kejahatan cyber masih dikategorikan sebagai tindakan kejahatan
yang masuk ranah hokum pidana, sehingga dalam pembuktiannya dalam persidangan
belum begitu kuat, sehingga memberikan celah bebas dari tuntutan pada para
penjahat tersebut.<o:p></o:p>
untuk lebih detailnya, makalah dapat dilihat dan didownload pada link <a href="https://www.academia.edu/9815881/Tugas_Resume_Buku_The_Global_Cyber_Crime_Industries">Makalah The Global CyberCrime Industries </a>
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The Global CyberCrime Industries

Tulisan ini akan membahas isi Bab 8 dari Buku "The Global CYberCrime Industries " karya Nir Kshetri yang mengupas masalah penyebab dan indikasi terjadinya tindak kejahatan di dunia maya atau yang leb…

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